The most common side effects of ginger
Although ginger is praised for its numerous therapeutic benefits, it is not without side effects. According to scientific studies, these mainly occur in cases of excess or in individuals with specific sensitivities. Let's take a closer look at the most frequently reported discomforts.
Heartburn and acid reflux
Ginger presents an interesting duality when it comes to heartburn. On the one hand, it is known for its anti-inflammatory properties which can soothe inflammation of the oesophagus and reduce stomach acid. On the other hand, excessive amounts can trigger the opposite effect.
According to the European Medicines Agency, heartburn (dyspepsia) is a common disorder, observed in 1 to 10 out of 100 patients. Gingerol, the active compound that gives ginger its hot, pungent taste, can irritate the stomach lining when consumed in high doses.
Paradoxically, some sources recommend ginger to soothe acid reflux thanks to its anti-inflammatory and digestive properties. However, this seems to be dose-dependent – relief turning into discomfort when the recommended quantities are exceeded.
Bloating and wind
Bloating and flatulence are other adverse effects frequently reported with excessive ginger consumption. These digestive issues generally result from a disruption of the gut flora, particularly when doses are increased too quickly.
Nevertheless, a therapeutic paradox exists here too. In moderate doses, ginger can actually help reduce bloating thanks to its carminative properties. It promotes digestion, relaxes the intestines, and ensures smoother transit. Consequently, it is often excess that turns a beneficial plant into a source of discomfort.
To avoid these discomforts, it is recommended to increase daily doses gradually, especially for those not accustomed to consuming it.
Diarrhoea and nausea
Diarrhoea is among the most common side effects of ginger, especially in cases of overconsumption. This reaction is explained by ginger's stimulating effect on the digestive system. When this stimulation becomes excessive, it can accelerate bowel transit to the point of causing diarrhoea.
Interestingly, ginger is frequently used to combat nausea, especially during pregnancy. However, in high doses, it can paradoxically cause it. This dual effect highlights the importance of respecting recommended dosages:
- Powder: up to 5g/day (about one teaspoon)
- Dried root: up to 1 teaspoon per day
- Fresh: 10 to 15g/day of rhizome
Heavy periods
A lesser-known yet significant issue concerns ginger's influence on menstruation. It can increase menstrual flow in some women. This is linked to the blood-thinning properties of ginger.
Periods are considered heavy when they last more than 7 days and/or total flow exceeds 80ml per day. For women who already suffer from menorrhagia (heavy periods), consuming ginger could worsen the problem.
Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger, which make it an ally against menstrual pain, can backfire in the event of overconsumption. It is generally recommended not to exceed 4 cups of ginger herbal tea per day to avoid increasing menstrual bleeding.
Respecting the recommended doses is therefore key to enjoying ginger while minimising its side effects. Excessive consumption can quickly turn this spice with multiple benefits into a source of significant discomfort.
Medical contraindications to be aware of
Certain people should strictly avoid consuming ginger due to specific medical conditions. Despite its recognised benefits, this root can, in certain medical contexts, pose a real health hazard. Let's look at the main medical contraindications of ginger.
Bleeding disorders
Ginger has natural anticoagulant properties that inhibit blood clotting. This characteristic, while beneficial in some cases, becomes problematic for people who already suffer from bleeding disorders. Ginger can amplify these issues and worsen existing blood conditions.
The consequences can range from minor bleeding to more serious haemorrhages. In addition, ginger is strongly discouraged before surgery or anaesthesia. Its vasodilatory properties significantly increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has also issued a specific warning regarding the use of ginger in patients taking anticoagulant therapies, particularly warfarin.
Gallstones
Ginger is strictly contraindicated in cases of bile duct obstruction, for two main reasons. Firstly, it has choleretic properties that stimulate bile production by the liver, which can be harmful in the presence of gallstones. Secondly, ginger contains minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, and sodium which, in people with gallbladder disorders, can encourage the formation or worsening of gallstones.
People with gallstones or at risk of bile duct obstruction should therefore consult a healthcare professional before any regular consumption of ginger.
Stomach ulcers
The active compounds in ginger, notably gingerol and shogaol, can interact with certain medicinal treatments, including antacids used to treat stomach ulcers. This interaction can reduce the effectiveness of treatments or worsen symptoms.
In addition, excessive consumption of ginger can cause irritation of the throat and mouth, as well as heartburn, which is particularly problematic for people suffering from ulcers. Fresh unchewed ginger also carries a risk of intestinal obstruction, a potentially serious complication for people with pre-existing digestive issues.
Drug interactions to watch out for
While ginger boasts numerous therapeutic properties, its pharmacological action can cause potentially serious drug interactions. Understanding these interactions helps avoid hazardous health complications.
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs
Gingerol and shogaol, the active compounds in ginger, thin the blood thanks to their vasodilatory properties. This action can significantly amplify the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs.
Diabetes medications
Several studies have shown that ginger lowers blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. This hypoglycaemic effect, while beneficial in certain contexts, can become problematic when combined with antidiabetic medications.
Thus, taking ginger and diabetes medications at the same time can cause blood sugar levels to drop too low. Consequently, people with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels more closely when consuming ginger.
High blood pressure treatments
Due to its vasodilatory effects, ginger can reduce blood pressure in a similar way to certain hypertension medications. This combined action can lead to hypotension, which is sometimes severe.
As a precaution, people taking blood pressure medication should consult their doctor before consuming ginger regularly. Closer blood pressure monitoring may be necessary to adjust medication doses if required.
Other plants and natural supplements
The risks of ginger also extend to its interactions with other medicinal plants. For example, consuming ginger alongside plants with anticoagulant properties can significantly increase the risk of bleeding.
These plants include in particular:
- Garlic and onion
- Turmeric
- Ginkgo biloba
- Ginseng
- Tonka bean
- St John's wort
According to the FDA, combining ginger with turmeric is particularly risky because their anticoagulant effects reinforce each other.
Likewise, certain plants that affect blood sugar levels, such as aloe vera or cinnamon, can cause severe hypoglycaemia when combined with ginger.
Given these numerous interactions, I strongly advise consulting a healthcare professional before undertaking any ginger cure, especially if you are already on medical treatment.
How to consume ginger safely
To enjoy its benefits while minimising side effects, a few precautions are necessary. Following a few simple rules helps eliminate the risks of ginger while taking advantage of its medicinal properties.
Respect recommended doses
Consuming ginger is generally safe when following the recommended doses. However, an excess can cause digestive issues such as heartburn and diarrhoea. Experts recommend the following maximum daily quantities:
- Fresh ginger: 10 to 15g per day (a slice 6-7mm thick)
- Ginger powder: 1 to 4g per day (about 1 teaspoon)
- Dried ginger: 0.5 to 2g per day
- Ginger juice: a single daily shot, no more
Furthermore, it is advisable to increase doses gradually, especially for those not accustomed to this spice.
Choosing the right form of ginger
Ginger is available in various forms, each with its own characteristics:
Fresh or dried ginger is ideal for infusions (a slice in boiling water). To relieve nausea, you can chew directly on a fresh slice.
Standardised food supplements offer a precise concentration of active ingredients. Nevertheless, the daily dose should not exceed 1g to avoid any undesirable effects.
For motion sickness, take ginger 30 to 60 minutes before departure for optimal effectiveness.
Avoid prolonged cures without medical advice
Before starting any health routine or cure, it is essential to consult your doctor. This consultation becomes vital if you are taking medication, as ginger can interact with many treatments, particularly anticoagulants and diabetes medications.
The World Health Organization strictly advises against the use of ginger in children under six years of age. As for pregnant women, the dose should not exceed 250mg of dried rhizome four times a day.
Finally, stop consuming ginger immediately if you notice adverse effects such as abdominal cramps or persistent heartburn.